Google Penguin is a search engine algorithm update introduced by Google in 2012 to combat spammy and manipulative practices used to improve search engine rankings. It specifically targets websites that engage in link schemes, keyword stuffing, and other black-hat SEO techniques. Penguin evaluates the quality and relevance of a website’s backlinks, penalizing those with unnatural or low-quality links. The update aims to promote fair and ethical SEO practices, ensuring that websites with high-quality content and genuine user engagement are rewarded with better search engine rankings.